Understanding the Bi-directional Relationship Between Periodontal Disease and Diabetes

1. Neutrophils are the first sign of defense to help reduce inflammation prior to actual damage to the oral cavity.

a) True
b) False

2. 17% of AI/AN people ages 35 or older show signs of severe periodontitis.

a) True
b) False

3. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease involving a polymicrobial infection.

a) True
b) False

4. The following is/are considered a periodontal pathogen:

a) Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg)
b) Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn)
c) Treponema denticola (Td)
d) All of the above

5. Periodontitis is associated with increased systemic inflammation and oxidative stress.

a) True
b) False

6. The pathway to periodontal disease includes:

a) Microbial challenge
b) Inflammatory response
c) Connective tissue and bone metabolism
d) Clinical signs of disease
e) All of the Above

7. Oral infections can cause changes at distant body sites revealing that periodontitis, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and rheumatoid arthritis are all interrelated through inflammation.

a) True
b) False

8. The following is/are example(s) of oral effects in patients with diabetes:

a) Increased gingivitis and periodontitis
b) Periodontal/odontogenic abscesses
c) Impaired intraoral healing
d) Cheilosis and candidiasis
e) All of the above

9. The following are steps in Periodontal Disease Management: assessing risk, eliminate/mitigate risk factors, eliminate the periodontal infection, modulate the host response and inflammation, and select an appropriate recall intervention.

a) True
b) False